PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of the Baltic	Precambrian of Russia	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of Australia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Lujanian				0.0117
				Chibanian			Lujanian				0.129
				Chibanian			Ensenadan				0.3 *
				Calabrian			Ensenadan				0.774
				Calabrian			Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
				Gelasian			Sanandresian				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Vorohuean				2.58
				Piacenzian			Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
				Zanclean			Chapadmalalan				3.6
							Montehermosan				3.7 *
							Huayquerian				4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian							5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
							Chasicoan				7.9 *
							Mayoan				9.9 *
							Laventan				10.9 *
				Serravallian			Laventan				11.63
				Serravallian			Colloncuran				13.7 *
				Langhian			Colloncuran				13.82
				Langhian			Friasian				15.4 *
				Burdigalian			Friasian				15.98
							Santacrucian				16.2 *
							Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
				Aquitanian			Colhuehuapian				20.44
				Aquitanian			Deseadan				20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
				Rupelian							27.82
				Rupelian			Tinguirirican				28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian			Tinguirirican				33.9
				Priabonian			Divisaderan				35.9 *
				Bartonian							37.71
				Lutetian							41.2
				Lutetian			Mustersan				41.9 *
				Ypresian			Mustersan				47.8
				Ypresian			Casamayoran				47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Riochican				56
							Itaboraian				56.9 *
							Peligran				58.9 *
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
				Danian			Tiupampan				62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian		66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic		100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian					Neocomian		125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
				Sinemurian							192.9
				Hettangian							199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		Gleedonian		427.4
				Jaagarahu		Gleedonian		429.2 *
						Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani				431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani				433.4
			Telychian	Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian	485.4
			Stage 10				Payntonian	486.8 *
			Jiangshanian				Iverian	489.5
			Paibian				Idamean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan	497
			Guzhangian				Boomerangian	499
			Drumian				Undillan	500.5
			Drumian				Floran	503
			Wuliuan				Templetonian	504.5
			Wuliuan				Ordian	507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian	509
			Stage 4					510.8 *
			Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
											1400