PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of the Baltic	Precambrian of Russia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian										0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian										Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian										Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian										Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian										Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian										Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean							Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian										Waipipian			3
				Zanclean										Waipipian			3.6
														Opoitian			3.7
							Baodean							Opoitian			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian										Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian										Tongaporutuan			7.246
													Southland	Waiauan			11.04
							Tunggurian										11.1
				Serravallian													11.63
				Serravallian										Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian			Shanwangian							Lillburnian			13.82
														Clifdenian			15.1
													Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian													15.98
							Xiejiaan										16.9
														Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian										Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
														Duntroonian			25.2
														Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian											Kekeamuan		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
													Arnold	Runangan			34.6
														Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian										Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
				Bartonian										Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian										Bortonian			41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
														Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian										Heretaungan		Bumbanian	47.8
														Mangaorapan			48.9
														Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Teurian	Gashatan		56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian										Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian										Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
														Mangaotanean			90.5
														Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian										Arowhanan			93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
														Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										Motuan			100.5
														Urutawan			103.3
													Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian										Korangan			113
				Aptian													117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †	298.9
			Kasimovian			Mapingian †	303.7
			Kasimovian				305.9
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	443.8
			Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
				Dobrotivian				458.5 *
				Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian	Arenigian							468
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
																	1400