PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of the Baltic	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian of North America			Cambrian of China		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene		Villanyian	2.58
		Piacenzian									Late Pliocene		Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean									Early Pliocene		Ruscinian	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene		Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian											Turolian	7.246
		Tortonian											Vallesian	8.7
		Serravallian									Middle Miocene		Astaracian	11.63
		Langhian									Middle Miocene		Astaracian	13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene		Orleanian	15.98
		Burdigalian											Agenian	20
		Aquitanian											Agenian	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian									Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian									Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare	Cayugan	419.2
			Kaugetuma	Cayugan	421.7 *
			Kaugetuma	Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu		Lockportian	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Raikkula				439.4 *
				Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
							440.7 *
		Rhuddanian					440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10					Payntonian		Niuchehean			486.8 *
		Jiangshanian					Iverian		Jiangshanian			489.5
								Aksaian				490.7 *
								Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian					Idamean		Paibian			494
		Paibian					Idamean		Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Middle Cambrian	497
							Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian				499
							Boomerangian					499.5
		Drumian					Undillan	Zhanaarykian	Drumian			500.5
		Drumian					Floran	Tuesaian	Drumian			503
		Wuliuan					Templetonian	Tuesaian	Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
							Templetonian					505.3
							Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian		Early Cambrian	509
								Toyonian				510 *
								Toyonian				510.8 *
								Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian	Nangaoian			514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian	Nangaoian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian	Meishucunian			521
		Stage 2										525.5
		Fortunian										529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian			530.7
														538.8