PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128254 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of North America		Devonian of Germany	Devonian Subages	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras				168.2
				Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.4
				Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta				174.7
										Planulata				179.3 *
										Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
										Kanense				181.3 *
										Carlottense				182.3 *
										Kunae				183.5 *
				Pliensbachian						Kunae				184.2
										Freboldi				185.1 *
										Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras			186.2 *
											Tetraspidoceras			189.2 *
										Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis			190.3 *
				Sinemurian										192.9
										Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras		196.4 *
										Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
				Hettangian						Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian								259.51
				Wordian		Wordian								264.28
				Roadian		Roadian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
				Kungurian			Hessian							281.9 *
				Artinskian			Hessian							283.5
				Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
				Sakmarian			Lenoxian							290.1
				Asselian			Nealian							293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Kasimovian										303.7
				Moscovian										307
				Bashkirian										315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
				Visean										330.9
				Tournaisian										346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Late Famennian					358.9
									Middle Famennian					365.3 *
									Early Famennian					368.5 *
				Frasnian				Adorf	Late Frasnian					372.2
									Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
									Early Frasnian					379.3 *
			Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	Late Givetian					382.7
									Middle Givetian					383.7 *
									Early Givetian					385.9 *
				Eifelian				Eifelian	Late Eifelian					387.7
				Eifelian				Eifelian	Early Eifelian					390.3 *
			Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	Late Emsian					393.3
				Emsian				Emsian	Early Emsian					398.3 *
				Pragian				Siegen	Pragian					407.6
				Lochkovian				Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian					410.8
									Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
		Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare									419.2
			Pridoli		Kaugetuma									421.7 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare									423
				Ludfordian	Paadla									423.4 *
Gorstian				425.6	Paadla
Wenlock			Homerian	Rootsikula	Gleedonian								427.4
				Jaagarahu	Gleedonian								429.2 *
					Whitwellian								429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian										430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani									431.8 *
Llandovery			Telychian	Jaani									433.4
			Telychian	Adavere									434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere									438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula									439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula									440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru									441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
			Katian										445.2
			Sandbian										453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
			Tremadocian							477.7
			Tremadocian							Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian			489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian										494
	Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Paibian									494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian									497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian									499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian									500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan									509
			Toyonian							Lenian †		510 *
			Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian									514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian									515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian									521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400