PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of North America		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Carboniferous of North America	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian						Pannonian	Late Miocene					7.246
		Serravallian						Sarmatian	Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian						Badenian						12.8 *
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene					15.98
		Aquitanian							Early Miocene					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene					33.9
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian							Middle Eocene					41.2
		Ypresian							Early Eocene					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Melekhovian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian		Wordian										264.28
		Wordian		Wordian		Noginskian								264.9 *
		Roadian		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian									273.01
					Cathedralian	Pavlovoposadian								276.8 *
					Hessian									281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian									283.5
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian									286.1 *
						Rusavkinian								287.6 *
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Nealian		Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian	Missourian	303.7
					Khamovnikian		304.8
					Krevyakinian		305.8 *
					Krevyakinian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian		307
					Podolskian		308.9 *
					Kashirian		311.4 *
					Kashirian	Atokan	312.7 *
					Vereian		313.8
					Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian		315.2
					Cheremshanian		316.9 *
					Cheremshanian	Morrowan	318.4 *
					Prikamian		318.6 *
					Severokeltmian		319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
					Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian	Chesterian	323.2
					Protvian		324.4 *
					Steshevian		326.8 *
					Tarusian		329 *
		Visean			Venevian		330.9
					Mikhailovian		331.9 *
					Aleksinian		333.7 *
					Tulian	Meramecian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	Meramecian	339.9 *
					Bobrikian	Osagean	343.1 *
					Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian		346.7
					Kizelian		350.7 *
					Cherepetian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
					Karakubian		354.4 *
					Upinian		356.3 *
					Malevkian		357.6 *
					Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	Gleedonian	427.4
							Jaagarahu	Gleedonian	429.2 *
								Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani		433.4
		Telychian					Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
			Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
									Dobrotivian	458.5 *
									Oretanian	459.7 *
			Sarka †								461.7 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †								467.3
		Dapingian							Arenigian		468
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian								477.7
														485.4