PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127682 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Devonian of Germany	Permian of the Pamirs	Precambrian of Russia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
				Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian											Bumbanian	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Gashatan		56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras								168.2
				Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense								168.4
				Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta								174.7
								Planulata								179.3 *
								Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi						179.8 *
								Kanense								181.3 *
								Carlottense								182.3 *
								Kunae								183.5 *
				Pliensbachian				Kunae								184.2
								Freboldi								185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras							186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras							189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis							190.3 *
				Sinemurian												192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras						196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
				Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian						Midian				259.51
				Wordian		Wordian						Midian				264.28
				Wordian		Wordian						Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian		Roadian						Murgabian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian					Kubergandian				273.01
							Cathedralian					Bolorian				279.8
							Hessian									281.9 *
				Artinskian												283.5
												Yakhtashian				286
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					Yakhtashian				286.1 *
				Sakmarian			Lenoxian					Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				Nealian	Asselian		293.52
Asselian				Nealian	Asselian		Kuzel				297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Kuzel				298.9
							Stephanian				Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian								Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian								Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian								Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian				Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
											Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian								Westphalian B	315.2
											Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian				Yeadonian	318.8 *
											Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
											Alportian	322 *
											Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Chokierian	323.2
											Arnsbergian	324 *
											Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean				Warnantian				Brigantian †	330.9
							Livian				Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian				Ivorian					346.7
			Tournaisian				Hastarian					353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian						393.3
			Pragian				Siegen						407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Ohesaare							419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma							421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare							423
			Ludfordian				Paadla							423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula							427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu							429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu							430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
	Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian					Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran					Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran	514
			Montezuman	514.8 *
			Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian			Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau				1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan				1375
																1400