PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of China	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean	Late Pliocene	Villanyian		Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian				Late Pliocene	Ruscinian				3.1 *
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean			Baodean	Early Pliocene					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene	Turolian				5.333
		Tortonian					Turolian				7.246
							Vallesian				8.7
					Tunggurian		Vallesian				11.1
		Serravallian			Tunggurian	Middle Miocene	Astaracian				11.63
		Langhian			Shanwangian	Middle Miocene	Astaracian				13.82
		Burdigalian			Shanwangian	Early Miocene	Orleanian				15.98
					Xiejiaan		Orleanian				16.9
							Agenian				20
		Aquitanian					Agenian				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene					33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene					41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian							251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian				Zechstein		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian				Zechstein		Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan				Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian							264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian	Autunian				283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian					285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian					290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian					298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
											509