PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of the Salt Range	European Faunal Units	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian					Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian					Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian		Late Pliocene						2.58
				Piacenzian			Ruscinian		Late Pliocene						3.1 *
				Zanclean			Ruscinian		Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Turolian		Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian			Turolian								7.246
				Tortonian			Vallesian								8.7
				Serravallian			Astaracian		Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian			Astaracian		Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian			Orleanian		Early Miocene						15.98
				Burdigalian			Agenian								20
				Aquitanian			Agenian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian					Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian					Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian					Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian					Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian					Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
				Induan											251.2
				Induan		Kathwai									251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai									251.902
															252.4 *
						Chhidru									252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian		Chhidru									254.14
						Kalabagh									255 *
						Wargal									256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
															265.3 *
Amb					266.1 *
Amb				Roadian	266.9
				Roadian	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
				Artinskian	283.5
				Sakmarian	290.1
				Asselian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
				Kasimovian	303.7
				Moscovian	307
				Bashkirian	315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
				Visean	330.9
				Tournaisian	346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
				Pragian		Siegen	407.6
				Pragian	Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
				Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare			419.2
			Pridoli		Kaugetuma			421.7 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare			423
				Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
				Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula			Gleedonian	427.4
					Jaagarahu			Gleedonian	429.2 *
								Whitwellian	429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian					430.5
				Sheinwoodian	Jaani				431.8 *
			Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani				433.4
				Telychian	Adavere				434 *
				Aeronian	Adavere				438.5
				Aeronian	Raikkula				439.4 *
				Rhuddanian	Raikkula				440.8
				Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
				Katian					445.2
				Sandbian					453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian					470
				Tremadocian					477.7
				Tremadocian					Mansian †	483.55 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
				Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian			489.5
									Aksaian			490.7 *
									Sakian			492.2 *
				Paibian								494
				Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian			497
				Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian			499.5
				Drumian					Mayan/Menevian			500.5
	Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan					504.5
	Series 2		Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan					509
				Toyonian					Lenian †	510 *
				Botomian						512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian						514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian						521
			Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
			Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian					Manykaian †	529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian											635
Tonian			720
Tonian			Karatau										800
Mesoproterozoic		Stenian	Karatau										1000
		Stenian	Yurmatian										1100
		Ectasian	Yurmatian										1200
		Ectasian	Burzyan										1375
															1400