PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of the Baltic	Permian Subages of Germany	Devonian Subages	Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Calabrian										Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Gelasian										Early Pleistocene	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene	5.333
				Tortonian										Late Miocene	7.246
				Serravallian										Middle Miocene	11.63
				Langhian										Middle Miocene	13.82
				Burdigalian										Early Miocene	15.98
				Aquitanian										Early Miocene	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Early Oligocene	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene	33.9
				Bartonian										Middle Eocene	37.71
				Lutetian										Middle Eocene	41.2
				Ypresian										Early Eocene	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Late Paleocene	56
				Selandian										Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Danian										Early Paleocene	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan		145
				Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan		150
													Heterian		154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian									Temaikan		164.3
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan		176
				Pliensbachian									Ururoan		184.2
				Pliensbachian									Aratauran		188.9
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
				Norian									Warepan		208.5
													Otamitan		217
													Oretian		221
				Carnian									Oretian		227
				Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan		237
				Ladinian									Etalian		238
				Anisian									Etalian		242
				Anisian									Malakovian		246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Malakovian		247.2
				Olenekian									Nelsonian		249
Induan				251.2									Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian	Leine		Flettian	264.28
			Wordian	Leine		Barettian	266
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
						Telfordian	285
							288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian				Late Frasnian	372.2
							Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
							Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian				Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		433.4
			Telychian				Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
										Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan	487.5
										Festiniogian			489.2 *
Jiangshanian			489.5
			Steptoean									493 *
										Maentwrogian		493.1 *
Paibian										Maentwrogian		494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	St Davids							Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian								Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan								Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran						506.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Caerfai	Delamaran						Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4		Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran							514
				Montezuman							514.8 *
				Begadean	519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2			521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									1000
		Ectasian									1200
		Calymmian									1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian									1600
		Orosirian									1800
		Rhyacian									2050
		Siderian									2300
Archean	Neoarchean										2500
	Mesoarchean										2800
	Paleoarchean										3200
	Eoarchean										3600
Hadean											4000
															4600