PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of the Baltic	Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Britain			Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of Britain		Silurian of North America			Ordovician of the Baltic
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						Senonian							66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian													72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian						Gallic							100.5
				Middle Albian													106.2 *
				Early Albian													109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian													113
		Aptian		Early Aptian													119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						Neocomian							125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian													139.8
				Middle Berriasian													140.6 *
				Early Berriasian													142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian												145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian												146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian													152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian													168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian													168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian													174.7
				Middle Toarcian													180.4 *
				Early Toarcian													182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian		Sevatian													208.5
				Alaunian													213.2 *
				Lacian													216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian													227
		Carnian		Julian													233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian													237
		Ladinian		Fassanian													239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian													242
				Pelsonian													243.8 *
				Bithynian													244.7 *
				Aegean													245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian													247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian													248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian													251.2
				Griesbachian													251.4 *
				Griesbachian		Kathwai											251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai											251.902
																	252.4 *
						Chhidru											252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru											254.14
						Kalabagh											255 *
						Wargal											256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
		Wordian															264.28
																	265.3 *
						Amb											266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb											266.9
		Roadian															270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare				Cayugan	419.2
			Kaugetuma				Cayugan	421.7 *
			Kaugetuma				Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare					423
		Ludfordian	Paadla					423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		Lockportian			427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu		Lockportian			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu					430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani					431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		Ontarian			433.4
		Telychian	Adavere					434 *
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Raikkula						439.4 *
					Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru						441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill			Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan			Pirgu	445.2
								Cautleyan				448.9 *
								Pusgillian				449.3 *
					Caradoc			Streffordian			Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
								Cheneyan				Rakvere		451.5 *
								Cheneyan				Oandu		452 *
								Burrellian				Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
											Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
											Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
											Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †				455.2 *
				Kukruse								456.4 *
								Aurelucian				456.8 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
				Uhaku							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
				Lasnamagi										458.9 *
				Aseri										460.4 *
				Aseri				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
				Oeland						Kunda				462.9 *
										Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				467.3
					Arenig	Fennian		468.4 *
								Billingen		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
										Latorp †				470.1 *
						Whitlandian								471.1 *
						Whitlandian		Hunneberg						473.7 *
						Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian								477.7
						Cressagian								480.8 *
								Varangu						481.3 *
								Pakerort						482.2 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Merioneth				Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
														Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian												Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian												Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian												Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								St Davids						497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Caerfai						509
	Series 2	Stage 3														514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8