PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		North American Land Mammal Ages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian			Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian			Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian			Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
		Zanclean							3.6
		Zanclean			Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
		Tortonian			Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian			Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian			Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
					Hemingfordian				16.3
					Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
		Rupelian							27.82
					Whitneyan				29.5
					Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian			Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian			Duchesnean				37.71
		Bartonian			Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian			Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian			Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian			Bridgerian				47.8
					Wasatchian				50.5
					Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian			Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian		66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic		100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean			Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian			Cazenovian		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian		Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
									419.2