PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian											Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian											Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Late Pliocene					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian											Late Miocene					7.246
				Serravallian											Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian											Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian											Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian											Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							Late Oligocene					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								Late Eocene					33.9
				Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								Middle Eocene					37.71
				Lutetian											Middle Eocene					41.2
				Ypresian				Bumbanian							Early Eocene					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan								Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian											Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian											Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
				Wordian																264.28
				Roadian																266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
				Artinskian																283.5
				Sakmarian																290.1
				Asselian																293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
				Kasimovian																303.7
				Moscovian																307
				Bashkirian																315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	Frasnian	Adorf			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Srbsko			Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Chotec			Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Daleje/Zlichovian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Pragian			Pragian			Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian								Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni				443.8
			Katian					Pirgu				445.2
								Vormsi				449.6 *
								Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
								Oandu					452 *
			Sandbian					Keila				Idavere †	453
								Haljala					453.9
								Kukruse					456.4 *
								Uhaku				Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku					458.4
								Lasnamagi					458.9 *
								Aseri					460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
								Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian					Volkhov						467.3
			Dapingian					Billingen						469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg						473.7 *
			Tremadocian					Hunneberg						477.7
								Varangu						481.3 *
								Pakerort						482.2 *
														Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10											Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
			Jiangshanian														489.5
														Aksaian			490.7 *
														Sakian			492.2 *
	Paibian		494
	Paibian		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian													494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian													497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian													499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian													500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan													509
			Toyonian											Lenian †		510 *
			Botomian													512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian													514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian													515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian													521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian													525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian											Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian																Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																Karatau	1000
		Stenian																Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian																Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan														1375
																				1400