PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of Germany	Permian of China	Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Tarantian										0.0117
				Chibanian			Ionian										0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Serravallian													11.63
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Meishanian						251.902
				Changhsingian							Baoqingian						253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian							Laoshanian						254.14
				Wuchiapingian							Laibinian						257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Lengwuan						259.51
				Wordian							Kuhfengian						264.28
				Roadian							Kuhfengian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Luodianian						273.01
				Artinskian							Luodianian						283.5
				Artinskian							Longlinian						285.4 *
				Sakmarian							Longlinian						290.1
				Asselian							Zisongian	Bursumian †					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Zisongian	Virgilian					298.9
				Gzhelian	300.1							Virgilian
				Kasimovian	Missourian	303.7
				Kasimovian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian	Desmoinesian	307
				Moscovian	Atokan	312.7 *
				Bashkirian	Atokan	315.2
				Bashkirian	Morrowan	318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
				Visean	Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
				Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
				Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	Adorf		372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian		Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian		Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian		Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
				Pragian				Pragian	Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian				Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
			Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
				Aeronian						438.5
				Rhuddanian						440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
				Katian						445.2
				Sandbian						453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian						470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian	477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian	485.4
				Stage 10							Festiniogian		489.2 *
				Jiangshanian									489.5
												Aksaian	490.7 *
												Sakian	492.2 *
											Maentwrogian		493.1 *
				Paibian							Maentwrogian		494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids		Ayusokkanian	497
												Ayusokkanian	Arcadian	498.4
														499.5
				Drumian								Zhanaarykian		500.5
				Drumian								Tuesaian		503
				Wuliuan								Tuesaian		504.5
				Wuliuan										505.3
			Series 2	Stage 4						Branchian			Caerfai	509
												Toyonian		510 *
	Botomian											512.5 *
	Botomian			Stage 3								514
	Atdabanian											515.6 *
	Atdabanian									Placentian		517.1
	Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian								521
			Stage 2									525.5
			Fortunian									529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian													635
			Tonian													720
			Tonian												Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
			Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
Ectasian			1200												Yurmatian
Ectasian			Burzyan												1375
																	1400