PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		European Faunal Units	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian					Tertiary †			2.58
				Piacenzian			Ruscinian								3.1 *
				Zanclean			Ruscinian								3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Turolian								5.333
				Tortonian			Turolian								7.246
				Tortonian			Vallesian								8.7
				Serravallian			Astaracian								11.63
				Langhian			Astaracian								13.82
				Burdigalian			Orleanian								15.98
				Burdigalian			Agenian								20
				Aquitanian			Agenian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Zechstein		Longtanian †		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes				259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian							Autunian				283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
				Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
				Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian					307
				Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian					323.2
Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		Late Famennian		358.9
						Middle Famennian		365.3 *
						Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean		Late Frasnian		372.2
						Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
						Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian		Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian	Southwoodian			Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Southwoodian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian				Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian						Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †		497
			Drumian						Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †			Topazan	504.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †			Delamaran	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Waucoban †		Delamaran	509
			Stage 4									Dyeran	511 *
			Stage 3									Dyeran	514
												Montezuman	514.8 *
												Begadean	519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
															635