PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		European Faunal Units	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian		2.58
				Piacenzian			Ruscinian		3.1 *
				Zanclean			Ruscinian		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Turolian		5.333
				Tortonian			Turolian		7.246
				Tortonian			Vallesian		8.7
				Serravallian			Astaracian		11.63
				Langhian			Astaracian		13.82
				Burdigalian			Orleanian		15.98
				Burdigalian			Agenian		20
				Aquitanian			Agenian		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					33.9
				Bartonian					37.71
				Lutetian					41.2
				Ypresian					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					56
				Selandian					59.2
				Danian					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
				Campanian					72.1
				Santonian					83.6
				Coniacian					86.3
				Turonian					89.8
				Cenomanian					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
				Aptian					113
				Barremian					121.4
				Hauterivian					125.77
				Valanginian					132.6
				Berriasian					139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
				Kimmeridgian					149.2
				Oxfordian					154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
				Bathonian					165.3
				Bajocian					168.2
				Aalenian					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
				Pliensbachian					184.2
				Sinemurian					192.9
				Hettangian					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
				Norian					208.5
				Carnian					227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
				Wordian					264.28
				Roadian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
				Artinskian					283.5
				Sakmarian					290.1
				Asselian					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
				Kasimovian					303.7
				Moscovian					307
				Bashkirian					315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
Visean				330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian					Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau	1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
									1400