PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Devonian Subages	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian Epochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of North America
Triassic	Early Triassic	Olenekian													Vokhmian			247.2
Triassic	Early Triassic	Induan													Vokhmian			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian													Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian													Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Artinskian																283.5
		Sakmarian																290.1
		Asselian																293.52
		Asselian					Kuzel											297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel		Mapingian †									298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C										300.3 *
								Stephanian B										300.9 *
								Stephanian A										301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A										303.7
								Cantabrian										305 *
																		305.9
		Moscovian																307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D										307.4 *
								Westphalian C										309.8
								Westphalian B										314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B										315.2
								Westphalian A										317 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian										318.8 *
								Marsdenian										320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian										321.5 *
								Alportian										322 *
								Chokierian										323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chokierian										323.2
								Arnsbergian										324 *
								Pendleian										327.4 *
		Visean					Warnantian	Brigantian †										330.9
							Livian	Asbian †										336.3 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian										340.2 *
		Tournaisian					Ivorian											346.7
		Tournaisian					Hastarian											353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		Late Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden								358.9
					Middle Famennian													365.3 *
					Early Famennian													368.5 *
		Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean		Late Frasnian					Adorf								372.2
					Middle Frasnian													375.4 *
					Early Frasnian													379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Late Givetian					Givetian								382.7
					Middle Givetian													383.7 *
					Early Givetian													385.9 *
		Eifelian	Southwoodian		Late Eifelian					Eifelian								387.7
		Eifelian	Southwoodian		Early Eifelian					Eifelian								390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Late Emsian					Emsian								393.3
		Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Early Emsian					Emsian								398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian					Siegen								407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian					Gedinnine								410.8
					Middle Lochkovian													412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian													415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli																	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian																423
	Ludlow	Gorstian																425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian																427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian																430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian																433.4
		Aeronian																438.5
		Rhuddanian																440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian																443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian				Mansian †					483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian					Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Late Cambrian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
						Aksaian										490.7 *
						Sakian										492.2 *
															Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian							Middle Cambrian	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
						Ayusokkanian										Arcadian	498.4
						Mayan/Menevian											499.5
		Drumian				Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan			Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan							Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Branchian	Early Cambrian	Waucoban †	509
						Toyonian					Lenian †					510 *
						Toyonian			Dyeran							511 *
						Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3														514
									Montezuman							514.8 *
						Atdabanian										515.6 *
													Placentian			517.1
									Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian										521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian					Manykaian †					529
																		538.8