PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran		Saintaugustinean			0
				Meghalayan					Santarosean			0.0004
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean			0.014
				Chibanian					Rancholabrean			0.129
									Irvingtonian			0.21
							Castlecliffian					0.34
				Calabrian								0.774
									Blancan			1.4
							Nukumaruan					1.63
				Gelasian			Nukumaruan					1.8
				Gelasian			Mangapanian					2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian					2.58
				Piacenzian			Waipipian					3
				Zanclean			Waipipian					3.6
							Opoitian					3.7
							Opoitian		Hemphillian			4.7
			Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
				Messinian			Tongaporutuan					7.2
				Tortonian								7.246
									Clarendonian			9.4
						Southland	Waiauan					11.04
				Serravallian								11.63
									Barstovian			12.5
							Lillburnian					13.05
				Langhian			Lillburnian					13.82
							Clifdenian					15.1
						Pareora	Altonian					15.9
				Burdigalian								15.98
									Hemingfordian			16.3
									Arikareean			18.5
							Otaian					18.7
				Aquitanian			Otaian					20.44
				Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian					21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian					23.03
							Duntroonian					25.2
							Whaingaroan					27.3
				Rupelian								27.82
									Whitneyan			29.5
									Orellan			31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian			33.9
						Arnold	Runangan					34.6
							Kaiatan					36.7
									Duchesnean			37
				Bartonian								37.71
							Bortonian					39.1
									Uintan			39.7
				Lutetian								41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
							Heretaungan					45.7
									Bridgerian			46.2
				Ypresian								47.8
							Mangaorapan					48.9
							Mangaorapan		Wasatchian			50.5
							Waipawan		Wasatchian			52
							Waipawan		Clarkforkian			54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian		Clarkforkian			56
				Thanetian					Tiffanian			56.2
				Selandian					Tiffanian			59.2
				Selandian					Torrejonian			60.9
				Danian					Torrejonian			61.6
				Danian					Puercan			63.8
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	66
			Campanian		Haumurian	72.1
			Santonian		Piripauan	83.6
			Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
			Coniacian			86.3
			Turonian			89.8
					Mangaotanean	90.5
					Arowhanan	93.7
			Cenomanian		Arowhanan	93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
			Aptian		Korangan	113
			Aptian			117.5
			Barremian			121.4
			Hauterivian			125.77
			Valanginian			132.6
			Berriasian			139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
			Bajocian				Humphresianum	168.4
			Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
			Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
			Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
			Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
			Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian							Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian	Albertian †					497
			Drumian	Marjumian						500.5
			Wuliuan	Topazan						504.5
			Wuliuan	Delamaran						506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Waucoban †					509
			Stage 4	Dyeran						511 *
			Stage 3	Dyeran						514
				Montezuman						514.8 *
				Begadean						519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				1000
		Ectasian				1200
		Calymmian				1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian				1600
		Orosirian				1800
		Rhyacian				2050
		Siderian				2300
Archean	Neoarchean					2500
	Mesoarchean					2800
	Paleoarchean					3200
	Eoarchean					3600
Hadean						4000
												4600