PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Britain							Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran										0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Chibanian				Castlecliffian										0.34
				Calabrian				Castlecliffian										0.774
				Calabrian				Nukumaruan										1.63
				Gelasian				Nukumaruan										1.8
				Gelasian				Mangapanian										2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian										2.58
				Piacenzian				Waipipian										3
				Zanclean				Waipipian										3.6
				Zanclean				Opoitian										3.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
				Messinian				Tongaporutuan										7.2
				Tortonian				Tongaporutuan										7.246
				Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan										11.04
				Serravallian				Waiauan										11.63
				Serravallian				Lillburnian										13.05
				Langhian				Lillburnian										13.82
								Clifdenian										15.1
							Pareora	Altonian										15.9
				Burdigalian				Altonian										15.98
				Burdigalian				Otaian										18.7
				Aquitanian				Otaian										20.44
				Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian										21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
								Duntroonian										25.2
								Whaingaroan										27.3
				Rupelian												Kekeamuan		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
							Arnold	Runangan										34.6
								Kaiatan										36.7
				Bartonian				Kaiatan								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
				Bartonian				Bortonian										39.1
				Lutetian				Bortonian										41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
								Heretaungan										45.7
				Ypresian				Heretaungan									Bumbanian	47.8
								Mangaorapan										48.9
								Waipawan										52
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian								Gashatan		56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian										66
				Campanian				Haumurian										72.1
				Santonian				Piripauan										83.6
				Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
								Mangaotanean										90.5
								Arowhanan										93.7
				Cenomanian				Arowhanan										93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian										95.2
								Motuan										99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan										100.5
								Urutawan										103.3
							Taitai	Korangan										108.4
				Aptian				Korangan										113
				Aptian														117.5
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
			Induan		251.2
			Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai	Buntsandstein	251.902
							252.4 *
					Chhidru		252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian		Chhidru		254.14
					Kalabagh		255 *
					Wargal		256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller	259.51
			Wordian			Leine	264.28
							265.3 *
					Amb		266.1 *
			Roadian		Amb		266.9
			Roadian				270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				Bursumian †		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian		298.9
			Kasimovian				Missourian		303.7
			Kasimovian				Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian				Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian				Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Atokan		315.2
			Bashkirian				Morrowan		318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian		323.2
			Visean				Chesterian		330.9
							Meramecian		335.8 *
							Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian				Kinderhookian		351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian			Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian								Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					425.6			Paadla
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4				Jaani
			Telychian	Adavere				434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere				438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula				439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula				440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill				Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian					Rawtheyan				Pirgu	445.2
								Cautleyan					448.9 *
								Pusgillian					449.3 *
				Caradoc				Streffordian				Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
													Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
								Cheneyan					Rakvere		451.5 *
								Cheneyan					Oandu		452 *
								Burrellian					Oandu		452.7 *
			Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
												Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
												Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
Marshbrookian †												Woolstonian †			454.2 *
Longvillian †															455.2 *
													Kukruse		456.4 *
								Aurelucian							456.8 *
Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian															457.4 *
Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian													Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn									Uhaku		458.4
													Lasnamagi		458.9 *
													Aseri		460.4 *
				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn									Aseri		461.3 *
						Oeland					Kunda		462.9 *
					Valaste †/Hunderum						Kunda		464.3 *
											Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian												467.3
			Arenig	Fennian										468.4 *
											Billingen			469.3 *
Early Ordovician		Floian												470
					Latorp †									470.1 *
				Whitlandian										471.1 *
				Whitlandian							Hunneberg			473.7 *
				Moridunian										474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian										477.7
				Cressagian										480.8 *
											Varangu			481.3 *
											Pakerort			482.2 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					509
	Series 2	Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian								Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau				1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan				1375
																		1400