PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene													0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene													0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene												Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene													5.333
				Tortonian			Late Miocene											Pannonian		7.246
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene											Sarmatian		11.63
				Serravallian														Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene													15.98
				Aquitanian			Early Miocene													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene													33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene													37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene													41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene													56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene													59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian											Epizigzagiceras					168.2
				Bajocian											Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
				Aalenian											Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
															Planulata					179.3 *
															Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
															Kanense					181.3 *
															Carlottense					182.3 *
															Kunae					183.5 *
				Pliensbachian											Kunae					184.2
															Freboldi					185.1 *
															Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
																Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
															Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
				Sinemurian																192.9
															Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
															Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
				Hettangian											Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
				Induan																251.2
Kathwai				Induan	251.5 *
Kathwai	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
					252.4 *
Chhidru					252.9 *
Chhidru				Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
Kalabagh						255 *
Wargal						256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
				Wordian		264.28
						265.3 *
Amb						266.1 *
Amb				Roadian		266.9
				Roadian		270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
				Artinskian		283.5
				Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
				Kasimovian		303.7
				Moscovian		307
				Bashkirian		315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
				Visean		330.9
				Tournaisian		346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Emsian	393.3
				Pragian				Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
			Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
				Aeronian					438.5
				Rhuddanian					440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	443.8
				Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
				Sandbian							453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
				Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
				Dapingian					Arenigian				468
			Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian				470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian				477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
				Jiangshanian									489.5
				Paibian									494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
				Drumian										500.5
				Wuliuan	Stage 5 †									504.5
			Series 2	Stage 4										509
			Series 2	Stage 3										514
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
			Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian													635
			Tonian													720
			Tonian												Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
			Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																				1400