PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian		Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene								0.129
				Calabrian									Early Pleistocene								0.774
				Gelasian									Early Pleistocene								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Yushean		Late Pliocene								2.58
				Zanclean							Yushean		Early Pliocene								3.6
				Zanclean							Baodean		Early Pliocene								4.9
			Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene								5.333
				Tortonian								Pannonian									7.246
				Tortonian							Tunggurian	Pannonian									11.1
				Serravallian								Sarmatian	Middle Miocene								11.63
				Serravallian								Badenian									12.8 *
				Langhian							Shanwangian										13.82
				Burdigalian							Shanwangian		Early Miocene								15.98
				Burdigalian							Xiejiaan										16.9
				Aquitanian							Xiejiaan										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene								33.9
				Bartonian									Middle Eocene								37.71
				Lutetian									Middle Eocene								41.2
				Ypresian									Early Eocene								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene								56
				Selandian									Middle Paleocene								59.2
				Danian									Early Paleocene								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Pliensbachian																	184.2
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
				Norian																	208.5
				Carnian																	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						Vokhmian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan						Vokhmian											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian									Capitanian		259.51
				Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian									Wordian		264.28
				Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian									Roadian		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
				Kungurian																Hessian	281.9 *
				Artinskian																Hessian	283.5
				Artinskian															Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
Sakmarian				290.1																Lenoxian
Asselian				Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian		443.8
			Katian						Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian						Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian									453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
									Dobrotivian					458.5 *
									Oretanian					459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian						Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
			Guzhangian											Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian												500.5
			Wuliuan												504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4											Branchian	509
			Stage 3											Branchian	514
			Stage 3											Placentian	517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																					635