PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of North America		European Faunal Zones	Permian of Western Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian						MN 17				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						MN 16				2.58
				Piacenzian						MN 15				3.2
				Zanclean						MN 15				3.6
										MN 14				4.2
										MN 13				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian						MN 13				5.333
				Tortonian						MN 12				7.246
										MN 11				7.75
										MN 10				8.7
										MN 9				9.7
										MN 7 + 8				11.1
				Serravallian						MN 7 + 8				11.63
				Serravallian						MN 6				12.8 *
				Langhian						MN 5				13.82
				Burdigalian						MN 4				15.98
										MN 3				16.9
										MN 2				20
				Aquitanian						MN 2				20.44
				Aquitanian						MN 1				22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Zechstein			254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes			259.51
				Wordian										264.28
				Roadian										266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian								489.5
								Aksaian			490.7 *
								Sakian			492.2 *
										Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian							Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian								499.5
			Drumian					Zhanaarykian			500.5
			Drumian					Tuesaian			503
			Wuliuan					Tuesaian	Topazan		504.5
									Topazan		505.3
									Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Waucoban †	509
								Toyonian			510 *
								Toyonian	Dyeran		511 *
								Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3								514
	Montezuman								514.8 *
	Montezuman							Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Begadean							Atdabanian	519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian	521
			Stage 2						525.5
			Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian		Karatau								800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau								1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian								1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian								1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan								1375
														1400