PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Carboniferous of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Sheridanian				0.0117
				Chibanian											Sheridanian				0.129
				Chibanian											Cudahyan/Sappan				0.21
				Calabrian											Cudahyan/Sappan				0.774
				Calabrian											Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
				Zanclean															3.6
				Zanclean											Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian											Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				9.4
				Serravallian											Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				11.63
				Serravallian											late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian				12.5
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
															Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				16.3
															late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
																Monroecreekian			23.1 *
																Geringian			24.7 *
				Rupelian												Geringian			27.82
				Rupelian															29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian											Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				33.9
				Priabonian															37
				Bartonian															37.71
				Bartonian											Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
				Lutetian											Late Uintan/Early Uintan				41.2
				Lutetian											Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
				Ypresian											Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				47.8
															Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
																	Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian													Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		56
				Thanetian													Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		56.2
				Selandian													Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		59.2
				Selandian													To3/To2/To1		60.9
				Danian													To3/To2/To1		61.6
				Danian													Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
Carnian				227
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	237
Middle Triassic			Anisian	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
			Induan	251.2
			Induan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai	251.902
					252.4 *
				Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian	Chhidru	254.14
				Kalabagh	255 *
				Wargal	256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
					265.3 *
				Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian	Amb	266.9
			Roadian		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean		Shangsian	330.9
			Visean		Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	443.8
			Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian					Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10									Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian									Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian									Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian									Paibian				494
			Paibian									Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Guzhangian									Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Drumian									Wangcunian †	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian										Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian										Delamaran		506.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Duyunian										Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Duyunian										Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian										Dyeran		514
													Montezuman		514.8 *
													Begadean		519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Meishucunian												521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian												529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian	530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †				538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †				571.7 *
																			635