PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of the Baltic				European Faunal Zones	Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of North America		Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Chibanian														Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian														Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian														Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian							MN 17							Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian							MN 17							Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							MN 16							Mangapanian	2.58
											MN 16							Waipipian	3
											MN 15								3.2
				Zanclean															3.6
																		Opoitian	3.7
											MN 14								4.2
											MN 13								4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian														Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian							MN 12								7.246
											MN 11								7.75
											MN 10								8.7
											MN 9								9.7
											MN 9						Southland	Waiauan	11.04
											MN 7 + 8								11.1
				Serravallian							MN 7 + 8								11.63
											MN 6								12.8 *
											MN 6							Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian							MN 5							Lillburnian	13.82
																		Clifdenian	15.1
																	Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian							MN 4								15.98
											MN 3								16.9
											MN 3							Otaian	18.7
											MN 2								20
				Aquitanian															20.44
																	Landon	Waitakian	21.7
											MN 1								22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
																		Duntroonian	25.2
																		Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
																	Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																		Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian														Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian														Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian														Bortonian	41.2
																	Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																		Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian														Heretaungan	47.8
																		Mangaorapan	48.9
																		Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian														Teurian	56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian														Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian														Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian													Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
																		Mangaotanean	90.5
																		Arowhanan	93.7
Cenomanian				93.9														Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
Early Cretaceous			Albian		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
			Aptian		Korangan	113
			Aptian			117.5
			Barremian			121.4
			Hauterivian			125.77
			Valanginian			132.6
			Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian	259.51
			Wordian			Midian	264.28
			Wordian			Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian			Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian			Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian			Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian			Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian						Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli							Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
									Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
													440.7 *
			Rhuddanian										440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju			Porkuni		443.8
			Katian									Pirgu		445.2
												Vormsi		449.6 *
					Nabala							Johvi †		450 *
					Viru				Rakvere					450.6 *
									Oandu					452 *
			Sandbian						Keila			Idavere †		453
									Haljala					453.9
				Kukruse					456.4 *
				Uhaku					Aluoja †			457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Uhaku								458.4
				Lasnamagi								458.9 *
				Aseri								460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda							462.9 *
					Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
					Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian		Volkhov									467.3
			Dapingian		Billingen									469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
									Latorp †					470.1 *
					Hunneberg									473.7 *
			Tremadocian		Hunneberg									477.7
					Varangu									481.3 *
					Pakerort									482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort									485.4
														486.3 *
				486.5
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
			Drumian	500.5
			Wuliuan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	509
		Series 2	Stage 3	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian													635
			Tonian			720
			Tonian			Karatau									800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau									1000
			Stenian			Yurmatian									1100
			Ectasian			Yurmatian									1200
			Ectasian			Burzyan									1375
																			1400