PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of the Baltic				Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian										Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian										Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian										Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian										Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian										Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian										Waipipian			3
				Zanclean										Waipipian			3.6
				Zanclean										Opoitian			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian										Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian										Tongaporutuan	Pannonian		7.246
				Tortonian									Southland	Waiauan	Pannonian		11.04
				Serravallian											Sarmatian		11.63
															Badenian		12.8 *
														Lillburnian	Badenian		13.05
				Langhian										Lillburnian			13.82
														Clifdenian			15.1
													Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian										Altonian			15.98
				Burdigalian										Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian										Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Waitakian			23.03
														Duntroonian			25.2
														Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
													Arnold	Runangan			34.6
														Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian										Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian										Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian										Bortonian			41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
														Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian										Heretaungan			47.8
														Mangaorapan			48.9
														Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Teurian			56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian										Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian										Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
														Mangaotanean			90.5
														Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian										Arowhanan			93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
														Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										Motuan			100.5
														Urutawan			103.3
													Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian										Korangan			113
				Aptian													117.5
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian	Volkhov						467.3
			Dapingian	Billingen						469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg						473.7 *
			Tremadocian	Hunneberg						477.7
				Varangu						481.3 *
				Pakerort						482.2 *
										Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
										Payntonian				486.8 *
			Jiangshanian							Iverian				489.5
											Aksaian			490.7 *
											Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian							Idamean				494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			Paibian							Idamean			494.7 *
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Mindyallan							Ayusokkanian			497
			Boomerangian							Ayusokkanian			499
			Boomerangian							Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian	Undillan										500.5
		Drumian	Floran										503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian							Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian										507.8 *
Series 2		Stage 4											509
										Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
										Toyonian			510.8 *
										Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian			514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian			515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2								Tommotian			521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian								Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian											Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			1000								Karatau
		Stenian			Yurmatian								1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
																	1400