PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of the Baltic			Cambrian of Australia	South American Land Mammal Ages		Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Cenozoic 6				0
				Northgrippian																0.0042
				Greenlandian																0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Lujanian									0.0117
				Chibanian							Lujanian									0.129
				Chibanian							Ensenadan									0.3 *
				Calabrian							Ensenadan									0.774
				Calabrian							Sanandresian	Uquian †								1.7 *
				Gelasian							Sanandresian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Vorohuean									2.58
				Piacenzian							Chapadmalalan									2.9 *
				Zanclean							Chapadmalalan									3.6
											Montehermosan									3.7 *
											Huayquerian									4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
											Chasicoan									7.9 *
											Mayoan									9.9 *
											Laventan									10.9 *
				Serravallian							Laventan					Cenozoic 5				11.63
				Serravallian							Colloncuran									13.7 *
				Langhian							Colloncuran									13.82
				Langhian							Friasian									15.4 *
				Burdigalian							Friasian									15.98
											Santacrucian									16.2 *
											Colhuehuapian									17.4 *
				Aquitanian							Colhuehuapian									20.44
				Aquitanian							Deseadan									20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Cenozoic 4				23.03
				Rupelian																27.82
				Rupelian							Tinguirirican									28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian							Tinguirirican					Cenozoic 3				33.9
				Priabonian							Divisaderan									35.9 *
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian												Cenozoic 2				41.2
				Lutetian							Mustersan									41.9 *
				Ypresian							Mustersan									47.8
				Ypresian							Casamayoran									47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Riochican					Cenozoic 1				56
											Itaboraian									56.9 *
											Peligran									58.9 *
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
				Danian							Tiupampan									62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Cretaceous 8				66
				Campanian												Cretaceous 7				72.1
				Santonian												Cretaceous 6				83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian												Cretaceous 5				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												Cretaceous 4				100.5
				Aptian												Cretaceous 3				113
				Barremian												Cretaceous 2				121.4
				Hauterivian												Cretaceous 2				125.77
				Valanginian												Cretaceous 1				132.6
				Berriasian												Cretaceous 1				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												Jurassic 6				145
				Kimmeridgian												Jurassic 5				149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian												Jurassic 4				165.3
				Bajocian												Jurassic 4				168.2
				Aalenian												Jurassic 3				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												Jurassic 3				174.7
Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2	184.2
Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian				Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1			433.4
			Telychian						436.3 *
			Aeronian						438.5
			Aeronian				Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni		Ordovician 5	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Vormsi			Kralodvorian		449.6 *
							Vormsi			Berounian		449.7 *
							Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere						450.6 *
							Oandu						452 *
			Sandbian				Keila		Idavere †			Ordovician 4	453
							Haljala						453.9
							Haljala						Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Kukruse								456.4 *
							Uhaku		Aluoja †						457.5 *
											Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Ordovician 3			458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
							Lasnamagi			Dobrotivian					458.9 *
							Lasnamagi			Oretanian					459.7 *
							Aseri								460.4 *
							Aseri				Sarka †				461.7 *
						Oeland	Kunda								462.9 *
							Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum						464.3 *
							Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian								Ordovician 2	Klabava †				467.3
										Arenigian						468
							Billingen									469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian													470
									Latorp †							470.1 *
							Hunneberg									473.7 *
Tremadocian			Ordovician 1				Hunneberg			Tremadocian		477.7
							Varangu					481.3 *
							Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort		Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Cambrian 5					485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
									Payntonian								486.8 *
									Payntonian								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Iverian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Iverian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Idamean								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Mindyallan	Marjumian		Albertian †					Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian							Boomerangian									499
		Drumian							Undillan									500.5
		Drumian							Floran									503
		Wuliuan							Templetonian	Topazan							Cambrian 3	504.5
									Templetonian	Delamaran								506.5
									Ordian									507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4							Ordian			Waucoban †						509
																		510.8 *
										Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3		Cambrian 2						Dyeran							514
										Montezuman							514.8 *
					Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian									538.8
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian								Karatau									800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau									1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian									1100
		Ectasian						1200		Yurmatian
		Ectasian						Burzyan		1375
																				1400