PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
		Bartonian																	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
		Lutetian																							41.2
		Ypresian																		Bumbanian					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	Gashatan						56
		Selandian																							59.2
		Danian																							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																							66
		Campanian																							72.1
		Santonian																							83.6
		Coniacian																							86.3
		Turonian																							89.8
		Cenomanian																							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																							100.5
		Aptian																							113
		Barremian																							121.4
		Hauterivian																							125.77
		Valanginian																							132.6
		Berriasian																							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																							145
		Kimmeridgian																							149.2
		Oxfordian																							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																							161.5
		Bathonian																							165.3
		Bajocian																							168.2
		Aalenian																							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																							174.7
		Pliensbachian																							184.2
		Sinemurian																							192.9
		Hettangian																							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																							201.4
		Norian																							208.5
		Carnian																							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																							259.51
		Wordian																							264.28
		Roadian																							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																							273.01
		Artinskian																							283.5
		Sakmarian																							290.1
		Asselian																					Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																					Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian																					Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian																					Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian																					Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian																					Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian																					Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian																					Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																					Chesterian		323.2
		Visean																					Chesterian		330.9
																							Meramecian		335.8 *
																							Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian																					Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian																					Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway																					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean																					Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian																				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani		433.4
		Telychian			Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill		Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan			Pirgu	445.2
							Cautleyan				448.9 *
							Pusgillian				449.3 *
					Caradoc		Streffordian			Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
							Cheneyan				Rakvere		451.5 *
							Cheneyan				Oandu		452 *
							Burrellian				Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
										Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
										Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
										Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †				455.2 *
											Kukruse			456.4 *
							Aurelucian							456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				Uhaku			458.4
											Lasnamagi			458.9 *
											Aseri			460.4 *
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				Aseri			461.3 *
									Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
											Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian													467.3
					Arenig		Fennian								468.4 *
											Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
												Latorp †			470.1 *
							Whitlandian								471.1 *
							Whitlandian				Hunneberg				473.7 *
							Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc		Migneintian								477.7
							Cressagian								480.8 *
											Varangu				481.3 *
											Pakerort				482.2 *
															Mansian †	483.55 *
															Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																					486.3 *
																					486.5
																					Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian															Jiangshanian					489.5
												Aksaian										490.7 *
												Sakian										492.2 *
			Steptoean																		493 *
		Paibian															Paibian				494
				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian										494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian									Guzhangian			Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian									Guzhangian						499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian									Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan									Wuliuan/Taijangian				Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan										Wuliuan/Taijangian				Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Duyunian					Waucoban †	509
			Toyonian	Lenian †														510 *
			Toyonian													Dyeran		511 *
			Botomian															512.5 *
		Stage 3										Nangaoian						514
																Montezuman		514.8 *
			Atdabanian													Montezuman		515.6 *
			Atdabanian													Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian					Meishucunian				521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian		Manykaian †								529
		Fortunian		Manykaian †				Jinnigian				530.7
																									538.8