PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Silurian of England		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Devonian Subages
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras									168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense									168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta									174.7
							Planulata									179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi							179.8 *
							Kanense									181.3 *
							Carlottense									182.3 *
							Kunae									183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae									184.2
							Freboldi									185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras								186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras								189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis								190.3 *
		Sinemurian														192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras							196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
		Wuchiapingian										Zechstein		Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian								Tatarian	Vyatkian	Zechstein		Longtanian †		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Severodvinian	Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian									Urzhumian					264.28
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
				Filipovian	276.5 *
				Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian	283.5
				Irginian		285.9 *
				Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
				Uskalykian		294.8
				Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian				303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian				307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian				323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian				330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				Late Famennian		358.9
										Middle Famennian		365.3 *
										Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean				Late Frasnian		372.2
										Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
										Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan				Cazenovian		Late Givetian	382.7
												Middle Givetian	383.7 *
												Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Southwoodian						Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Southwoodian						Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				Helderbergian		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian						Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian										Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian										Late Lochkovian	410.8
												Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
												Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli											Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
	Pridoli											Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian													425.6
		Gorstian											Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian											Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian										Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian													430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian													433.4
		Telychian													436.3 *
		Aeronian													438.5
		Aeronian										Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
		Rhuddanian										Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
		Katian										445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan			487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan			489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean			493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †		Marjumian			Albertian †		497
		Drumian							Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †					Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †					Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Waucoban †		Delamaran	509
		Stage 4												Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3												Dyeran	514
														Montezuman	514.8 *
														Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8