PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128253 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Silurian of the Baltic	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian				3
		Zanclean					Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan		Pannonian		7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan		Pannonian		11.04
		Serravallian							Sarmatian		11.63
									Badenian		12.8 *
							Lillburnian		Badenian		13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian				13.82
							Clifdenian				15.1
						Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian				23.03
							Duntroonian				25.2
							Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
						Arnold	Runangan				34.6
							Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian				41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
							Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan				47.8
							Mangaorapan				48.9
							Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian				56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian					Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
							Mangaotanean				90.5
							Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan				93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
							Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan				100.5
							Urutawan				103.3
						Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian					Korangan				113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan	150
					Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian			Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
		Carnian			Oretian	227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian		300 *
		Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian		303.7
		Kasimovian				Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
						Huashibanian		318.5 *
						Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian		323.2
		Serpukhovian				Shangsian		330.8 *
		Visean				Shangsian		330.9
		Visean				Jiusian		335 *
		Tournaisian				Tangbagouan		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian	Cazenovian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian		393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		Gleedonian	427.4
							Jaagarahu		Gleedonian	429.2 *
									Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani			433.4
		Telychian					Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru			441.4 *
											443.8