PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Devonian of France	European Faunal Units	Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian					Mangapanian	2.58
						Villanyian					Waipipian	3
						Ruscinian						3.1 *
		Zanclean										3.6
		Zanclean									Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian				Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian										7.246
						Vallesian						8.7
						Vallesian				Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian				Astaracian					Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian	13.82
											Clifdenian	15.1
										Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian				Orleanian					Altonian	15.98
						Orleanian					Otaian	18.7
						Agenian						20
		Aquitanian										20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian	23.03
											Duntroonian	25.2
											Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
										Arnold	Runangan	34.6
											Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian									Bortonian	41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
											Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan	47.8
											Mangaorapan	48.9
											Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian	56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian	Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian									Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian									Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
											Mangaotanean	90.5
											Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian									Arowhanan	93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
											Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic		Motuan	100.5
											Urutawan	103.3
										Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian									Korangan	113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian		259.51
		Wordian			Midian		264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian		393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian						Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
												538.8