PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian														11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan								150
										Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian						Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian						Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian						Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian						Warepan								208.5
										Otamitan								217
										Oretian								221
				Carnian						Oretian								227
				Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian						Etalian								238
				Anisian						Etalian								242
				Anisian						Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian								247.2
				Olenekian						Nelsonian								249
				Induan						Nelsonian								251.2
				Induan					DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan								251.902
				Changhsingian						Waiitian								253.2
				Wuchiapingian						Waiitian				Zechstein		Longtanian †		254.14
				Wuchiapingian						Puruhauan				Zechstein		Longtanian †		254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Aparima	Flettian				Rotliegendes				259.51
Wordian				264.28						Flettian
Wordian				Barettian	266
Roadian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		273.01
			Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian	Mangapirian	Autunian	283.5
				Telfordian		285
							288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
			Asselian				Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian		Kuzel		298.9
							Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian				Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian				Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian				Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean		Warnantian		Brigantian †		Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Livian		Asbian †			336.3 *
					Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
			Tournaisian		Ivorian				Early Mississippian	346.7
			Tournaisian		Hastarian				Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway						Late Famennian	358.9
											Middle Famennian	365.3 *
											Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean						Late Frasnian	372.2
											Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
											Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan						Cazenovian	Late Givetian	382.7
												Middle Givetian	383.7 *
												Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian		Southwoodian							Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian		Southwoodian							Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian						Helderbergian	Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian							Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian									Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian									Late Lochkovian	410.8
												Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
												Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli											419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
		Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
	Aeronian		438.5
	Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan										485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian		Steptoean		493 *
		Paibian		Steptoean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	Marjumian		Albertian †							497
		Drumian		Marjumian									500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †				Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †				Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Waucoban †		Delamaran					509
		Stage 4						Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran					514
								Montezuman					514.8 *
								Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
																		635