PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128338 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of China			Permian of North America		Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Cretaceous Subepochs
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Senonian	66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Gallic	100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian												Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Buntsandstein		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein								Buntsandstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes				Capitanian				Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian							Wordian				Leine		264.28
		Roadian							Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
		Kungurian								Hessian					281.9 *
		Artinskian			Autunian					Hessian					283.5
		Artinskian							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
		Sakmarian								Lenoxian					290.1
		Asselian								Nealian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian										Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian										Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian										Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean										Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian										Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean								Adorf				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian							Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian							Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian							Emsian				393.3
		Pragian									Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian									Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli														419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian													423
	Ludlow	Gorstian													425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian													427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian													430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian													433.4
		Aeronian													438.5
		Rhuddanian													440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †							443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †							445.2
		Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									449.5
		Sandbian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo								458.4
		Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo							466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian									470
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian									477.7
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian		Lianghekou †							477.9 *
															485.4