PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of North America		Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Germany	Silurian of the Baltic
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian									Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian									Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian									Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian									Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian									Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian									Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras									168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense									168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta									174.7
					Planulata									179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi							179.8 *
					Kanense									181.3 *
					Carlottense									182.3 *
					Kunae									183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae									184.2
					Freboldi									185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras								186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras								189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis								190.3 *
		Sinemurian												192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras							196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian				Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian				Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian					Emsian	393.3
		Pragian							Siegen	407.6
		Pragian						Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian								Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian								Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian								Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian								Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian								Jaani	433.4
		Telychian								Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian								Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian								Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian								Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian								Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian									Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan									Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan									Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Waucoban †					Delamaran	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3			514						Dyeran
					Montezuman		514.8 *
					Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
														538.8