PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6										0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Yushean	Tertiary †			2.58
				Zanclean									Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean									Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian									Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian			Cenozoic 5						Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian									Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian									Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian									Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian									Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3										33.9
				Bartonian			Cenozoic 3										37.71
				Lutetian			Cenozoic 2										41.2
				Ypresian			Cenozoic 2										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1										56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8										66
				Campanian			Cretaceous 7										72.1
				Santonian			Cretaceous 6										83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4										100.5
				Aptian			Cretaceous 3										113
				Barremian			Cretaceous 2										121.4
				Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2										125.77
				Valanginian			Cretaceous 1										132.6
				Berriasian			Cretaceous 1										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan								150
									Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian			Jurassic 4										165.3
				Bajocian			Jurassic 4										168.2
				Aalenian			Jurassic 3										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2		Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2		Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian			Jurassic 1										192.9
				Hettangian			Jurassic 1										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian					Warepan								208.5
									Otamitan								217
									Oretian								221
				Carnian			Triassic 3		Oretian								227
				Carnian			Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2		Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian					Etalian								238
				Anisian					Etalian								242
Malakovian				Anisian	246
Malakovian			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian		249
Nelsonian				Induan		251.2
DUrville				Induan		Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian			Flettian			264.28
						Barettian			266
							Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian		Permian 3		Murgabian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		Permian 2		Kubergandian		273.01
						Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
							Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian			285
						Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
							Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Permian 1		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5				298.9
			Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5				303.7
			Moscovian		Carboniferous 4				307
			Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3				323.2
			Visean		Carboniferous 2				330.9
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean				Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan				Cazenovian	Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian				Cazenovian	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				Helderbergian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian							Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian							Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								Silurian 2	Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian								Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian								Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian								Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian								Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian							Silurian 1	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian								Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian								Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian								Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian								Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian								Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ordovician 5		443.8
			Katian							Ordovician 5		445.2
			Sandbian							Ordovician 4		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Ordovician 3		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							Ordovician 2		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Ordovician 2		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Cambrian 5		485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Cambrian 4		Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							Cambrian 4			500.5
			Wuliuan					Cambrian 3		Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3					509
		Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635