International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Devonian of Eastern North America | Ten Million Year Bins | Cambrian of China | Cenozoic Subepochs | Cambrian Epochs | European Faunal Units | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | |||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||
| Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | |||||||||
| Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | |||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | Villanyian | 2.58 | ||||||
| Ruscinian | 3.1 * | ||||||||||
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | Turolian | 5.333 | |||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
| Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||||||
| Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | Middle Miocene | Astaracian | 11.63 | |||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||
| Burdigalian | Early Miocene | Orleanian | 15.98 | ||||||||
| Agenian | 20 | ||||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | ||||||
| Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Cenozoic 3 | Late Eocene | 33.9 | |||||||
| Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||||||
| Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | |||||||||
| Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | Late Paleocene | 56 | |||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Cretaceous 8 | 66 | |||||||
| Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | 72.1 | |||||||||
| Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | 83.6 | |||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||
| Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | 93.9 | |||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | Cretaceous 4 | 100.5 | ||||||||
| Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | 113 | |||||||||
| Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | 121.4 | |||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
| Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | 132.6 | |||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | 145 | |||||||
| Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | 149.2 | |||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||
| Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | 165.3 | |||||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||||
| Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | 170.9 | |||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||||
| Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | 184.2 | |||||||||
| Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | 192.9 | |||||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | |||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
| Carnian | Triassic 3 | 227 | |||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Triassic 2 | 237 | ||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | Triassic 1 | 247.2 | ||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Permian 4 | 251.902 | |||||||
| Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | ||||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | |||||||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||||||
| Roadian | Permian 3 | 266.9 | |||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | Permian 2 | 273.01 | ||||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||||
| Asselian | Permian 1 | 293.52 | |||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | 298.9 | |||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||
| Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | 307 | |||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | 323.2 | ||||||||
| Visean | Carboniferous 2 | 330.9 | |||||||||
| Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | 346.7 | |||||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway | Devonian 5 | 358.9 | ||||||
| Frasnian | West Fallsian/Sonyean | Devonian 4 | 372.2 | ||||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan | Cazenovian | Devonian 3 | 382.7 | ||||||
| Eifelian | Southwoodian | 387.7 | |||||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | Sawkillian/Deer Parkian | Helderbergian | Devonian 2 | 393.3 | ||||||
| Pragian | Devonian 1 | 407.6 | |||||||||
| Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | Silurian 2 | 419.2 | ||||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | |||||||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | Silurian 1 | 433.4 | ||||||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ordovician 5 | 443.8 | |||||||
| Katian | 445.2 | ||||||||||
| Sandbian | Ordovician 4 | 453 | |||||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Ordovician 3 | 458.4 | ||||||||
| Dapingian | Ordovician 2 | 467.3 | |||||||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | |||||||||
| Tremadocian | Ordovician 1 | 477.7 | |||||||||
| Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Cambrian 5 | Niuchehean | Taoyuanian † | Late Cambrian | 485.4 | ||||
| Jiangshanian | Jiangshanian | 489.5 | |||||||||
| Paibian | Paibian | 494 | |||||||||
| Waergangian †/Youshuanian | 494.9 * | ||||||||||
| Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Cambrian 4 | Guzhangian | Wangcunian † | Middle Cambrian | 497 | |||||
| Drumian | Drumian | 500.5 | |||||||||
| Wuliuan | Cambrian 3 | Wuliuan/Taijangian | 504.5 | ||||||||
| Series 2 | Stage 4 | Duyunian | Early Cambrian | 509 | |||||||
| Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | Nangaoian | 514 | ||||||||
| Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | Meishucunian | 521 | ||||||||
| Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | 529 | |||||||||
| Jinnigian | 530.7 | ||||||||||
| 538.8 | |||||||||||