PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Czechoslovakia	European Faunal Zones	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of North America	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian		MN 17												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16												2.58
				Piacenzian		MN 15												3.2
				Zanclean		MN 15												3.6
						MN 14												4.2
						MN 13												4.9
			Miocene	Messinian		MN 13												5.333
				Tortonian		MN 12												7.246
						MN 11												7.75
						MN 10												8.7
						MN 9												9.7
						MN 7 + 8												11.1
				Serravallian		MN 7 + 8												11.63
				Serravallian		MN 6												12.8 *
				Langhian		MN 5												13.82
				Burdigalian		MN 4												15.98
						MN 3												16.9
						MN 2												20
				Aquitanian		MN 2												20.44
				Aquitanian		MN 1												22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Buntsandstein							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Buntsandstein							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller							259.51
				Wordian							Leine							264.28
				Roadian														266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian	Virgilian		298.9
			Kasimovian		Missourian		303.7
			Kasimovian		Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	Atokan		315.2
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	Morrowan		318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Chesterian		323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian	Chesterian		330.9
					Meramecian		335.8 *
					Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	443.8
			Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
								Dobrotivian					458.5 *
								Oretanian					459.7 *
									Sarka †				461.7 *
			Dapingian						Klabava †				467.3
			Dapingian					Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Datsonian						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
								Payntonian							486.8 *
								Payntonian							Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian					Iverian							Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian					Iverian							Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian					Idamean							Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Mindyallan						Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian					Boomerangian								499
			Drumian					Undillan								500.5
			Drumian					Floran								503
			Wuliuan					Templetonian						Topazan		504.5
								Templetonian						Delamaran		506.5
								Ordian								507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Waucoban †					Ordian							509
															510.8 *
														Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3												Dyeran	514
											Montezuman			514.8 *
											Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																		635