PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan						150
							Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Callovian			Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan						176
				Pliensbachian			Ururoan						184.2
				Pliensbachian			Aratauran						188.9
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
				Norian			Warepan						208.5
							Otamitan						217
							Oretian						221
				Carnian			Oretian						227
				Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan						237
				Ladinian			Etalian						238
				Anisian			Etalian						242
				Anisian			Malakovian						246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian						247.2
				Olenekian			Nelsonian						249
				Induan			Nelsonian						251.2
				Induan		DUrville	Makarewan				Kathwai		251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian		Kathwai		251.902
													252.4 *
											Chhidru		252.9 *
							Waiitian						253.2
				Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		Dzhulfian				254.14
							Puruhauan						254.2
											Kalabagh		255 *
											Wargal		256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		Midian				259.51
				Wordian									264.28
													265.3 *
							Barettian						266
											Amb		266.1 *
									Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian									266.9
				Roadian									270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian				273.01
							Mangapirian		Kubergandian				276
									Bolorian				279.8
				Artinskian									283.5
							Telfordian						285
							Telfordian		Yakhtashian				286
									Yakhtashian				288.5
				Sakmarian					Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian					Asselian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
				Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian			300 *
				Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian			303.7
				Kasimovian						Dalaun			305.8 *
				Moscovian									307
				Bashkirian									315.2
										Huashibanian			318.5 *
										Lousuan			321.2 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Dewunian			323.2
Shangsian				Serpukhovian	330.8 *
Shangsian				Visean	330.9
Jiusian				Visean	335 *
Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
			Pragian		Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
			Stage 10							Sunwaptan		487.5
			Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan		489.5
			Jiangshanian							Steptoean		493 *
	Paibian		494							Steptoean
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian					Albertian †		497
		Drumian	Marjumian							500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan							504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran					Waucoban †		509
		Stage 4	Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran							514
			Montezuman							514.8 *
			Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
													1400