PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Australia	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian								Lujanian		0.129
										Ensenadan		0.3 *
					Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian							0.774
					Nukumaruan							1.63
										Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian										1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Vorohuean		2.58
										Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
					Waipipian							3
		Zanclean			Waipipian							3.6
					Opoitian					Montehermosan		3.7 *
					Opoitian					Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian										7.246
										Chasicoan		7.9 *
										Mayoan		9.9 *
										Laventan		10.9 *
				Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan							11.63
					Lillburnian							13.05
										Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian										13.82
					Clifdenian							15.1
					Clifdenian					Friasian		15.4 *
				Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian										15.98
										Santacrucian		16.2 *
										Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
					Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian										20.44
										Deseadan		20.9 *
				Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian							23.03
					Duntroonian							25.2
					Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
		Rupelian								Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Arnold	Runangan							34.6
					Runangan					Divisaderan		35.9 *
					Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian										41.2
										Mustersan		41.9 *
				Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
					Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian										47.8
										Casamayoran		47.9 *
					Mangaorapan							48.9
					Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian					Riochican		56
										Itaboraian		56.9 *
										Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
		Danian								Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
				Mangaotanean		90.5
				Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
				Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
				Urutawan		103.3
			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Wordian				Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian				Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian				Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian				Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian		303.7
						Khamovnikian		304.8
						Dalaun	Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian					Myachkovian	307
							Podolskian	308.9 *
							Kashirian	311.4 *
							Vereian	313.8
							Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Huashibanian	Cheremshanian	318.5 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian		319.9 *
					Lousuan	Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Lousuan	Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
						Steshevian	326.8 *
						Tarusian	329 *
					Shangsian	Tarusian	330.8 *
		Visean				Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Jiusian	Aleksinian	335 *
						Tulian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian		357.6 *
			Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10					Niuchehean		Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian		Iverian	489.5
		Paibian					Paibian		Idamean	494
		Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	Idamean	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian					Guzhangian		Boomerangian	499
		Drumian					Drumian		Undillan	500.5
		Drumian					Drumian		Floran	503
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian		Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian		Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4					Duyunian		Ordian	509
		Stage 4					Duyunian			510.8 *
		Stage 3					Nangaoian			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian					Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian			530.7
												538.8