PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Devonian of Eastern North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian				3
		Zanclean			Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian				13.82
					Clifdenian				15.1
				Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian				23.03
					Duntroonian				25.2
					Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
				Arnold	Runangan				34.6
					Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian				41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
					Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan				47.8
					Mangaorapan				48.9
					Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian				56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	Lancian/Edmontonian			66
		Campanian			Haumurian	Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
					Mangaotanean				90.5
					Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan				93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
					Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan				100.5
					Urutawan				103.3
				Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian			Korangan				113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec			Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian					410.8
									419.2