PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian							Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian							Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian							Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian							Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian							Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian							Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian												66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic												100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian		Neocomian												125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
		Wuchiapingian			Zechstein											254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Zechstein	Tatarian	Vyatkian									256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes		Severodvinian									259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian									264.28
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian									266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
							Filipovian									276.5 *
							Saraninian									280.1 *
		Artinskian			Autunian	Artinskian	Sarginian									283.5
							Irginian									285.9 *
							Burtsevian									287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian			Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
		Pragian					Pragian			407.6
		Pragian					Pragian	Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
				Mohawkian					Chatfieldian	451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian	453
									Turinian	453.7 *
				Whiterockian						Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Dapingian										467.3
		Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian					Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian							Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean				477.7
									Stairsian				480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian											Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan											Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan											Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4											Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran		514
													Montezuman		514.8 *
													Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8