PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene	MN 17					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene	MN 16				Villanyian	2.58
					MN 16				Ruscinian	3.1 *
					MN 15					3.2
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene	MN 15					3.6
					MN 14					4.2
					MN 13					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene	MN 13				Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian			MN 12					7.246
					MN 11					7.75
					MN 10				Vallesian	8.7
					MN 9					9.7
					MN 7 + 8					11.1
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene	MN 7 + 8				Astaracian	11.63
		Serravallian			MN 6					12.8 *
		Langhian			MN 5					13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene	MN 4				Orleanian	15.98
					MN 3				Orleanian	16.9
					MN 2				Agenian	20
		Aquitanian			MN 2					20.44
		Aquitanian			MN 1					22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Buntsandstein	Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian			254.14	Buntsandstein
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller			Midian	259.51
		Wordian	Leine			Midian	264.28
		Wordian	Leine			Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian				Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian				Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani			433.4
		Telychian		Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
		Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian	509
		Stage 3					Branchian	514
		Stage 3					Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
										538.8