PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Silurian of the Baltic
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene						Nihewanian		0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene	Villanyian		Tertiary †			Yushean		2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene	Ruscinian							3.1 *
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene								3.6
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene						Baodean		4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene	Turolian							5.333
		Tortonian			Turolian							7.246
					Vallesian							8.7
					Vallesian					Tunggurian		11.1
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene	Astaracian					Tunggurian		11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene	Astaracian					Shanwangian		13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene	Orleanian					Shanwangian		15.98
					Orleanian					Xiejiaan		16.9
					Agenian							20
		Aquitanian			Agenian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein		Longtanian †				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes						259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian						283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
		Pragian				Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian			Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula				427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu				430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani				431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani				433.4
		Telychian			Adavere				434 *
		Aeronian		438.5	Adavere
		Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †		497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
												509