PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of North America			European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene										0.129
				Calabrian		Early Pleistocene										0.774
				Gelasian		Early Pleistocene										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene				Villanyian						2.58
				Piacenzian		Late Pliocene				Ruscinian						3.1 *
				Zanclean		Early Pliocene				Ruscinian						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene				Turolian						5.333
				Tortonian						Turolian						7.246
				Tortonian						Vallesian						8.7
				Serravallian		Middle Miocene				Astaracian						11.63
				Langhian		Middle Miocene				Astaracian						13.82
				Burdigalian		Early Miocene				Orleanian						15.98
				Burdigalian						Agenian						20
				Aquitanian						Agenian						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene										33.9
				Bartonian		Middle Eocene										37.71
				Lutetian		Middle Eocene										41.2
				Ypresian		Early Eocene										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene										56
				Selandian		Middle Paleocene										59.2
				Danian		Early Paleocene										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
				Wuchiapingian												254.14
				Wuchiapingian							Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Severodvinian				259.51
				Wordian								Urzhumian				264.28
				Roadian							Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
				Roadian							Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
												Filipovian				276.5 *
												Saraninian				280.1 *
Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
					Irginian		285.9 *
					Burtsevian		287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian		Bursumian †	293.52
					Uskalykian			294.8
					Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	323.2
			Visean				Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
							Middle Famennian			365.3 *
							Early Famennian			368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
						Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
						Early Frasnian			379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	Late Givetian		Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian			383.7 *
							Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian			Chotec	Late Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian			Chotec	Early Eifelian		Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	Late Emsian		Emsian	393.3
			Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	Early Emsian		Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian	Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					Cayugan				419.2
		Pridoli					Niagaran				422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan				Clinton		440.1 *
													440.7 *
			Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
			Katian										445.2
			Sandbian										453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
	Dapingian	Middle Ordovician	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																1400