PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of China	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Tarantian				0.0117
		Chibanian									Ionian				0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian										Pannonian			7.246
		Serravallian										Sarmatian			11.63
		Serravallian										Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Buntsandstein									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Buntsandstein									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller									259.51
		Wordian				Leine									264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian								300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian								303.7
		Kasimovian	Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
			Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Bolindian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Eastonian	Kralodvorian		449 *
								Eastonian	Berounian		449.7 *
								Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian					458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Yapeenian		Klabava †			467.3
								Yapeenian	Arenigian				468
								Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian					470
								Bendigonian					471.8 *
								Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian						Lancefieldian	Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian						Warendian	Tremadocian				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					485.4
		Stage 10							Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Festiniogian					489.5
		Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian							Maentwrogian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids						497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Caerfai						509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
															538.8