PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian						Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan		150
							Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian					Warepan		208.5
							Otamitan		217
							Oretian		221
		Carnian					Oretian		227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian					Etalian		238
		Anisian					Etalian		242
		Anisian					Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian		249
		Induan					Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan				DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian	Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	266
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
				Telfordian	285
					288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian				Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan				Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan				Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4				Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3				Dyeran		514
						Montezuman		514.8 *
						Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
									538.8