PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of North America		Permian of China	Silurian of England		Cambrian of China		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mammal Paleogene Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean									Yushean			3.6
		Zanclean									Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian									Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian									Tunggurian			11.63
		Langhian									Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian									Shanwangian			15.98
		Burdigalian									Xiejiaan			16.9
		Aquitanian									Xiejiaan			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
		Bartonian										MP 16		37.71
		Lutetian										MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
		Ypresian										MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian								251.902
		Changhsingian				Baoqingian								253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian								254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Laibinian								257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan								259.51
		Wordian				Kuhfengian								264.28
		Roadian				Kuhfengian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian								273.01
		Artinskian				Luodianian								283.5
		Artinskian				Longlinian								285.4 *
		Sakmarian	290.1			Longlinian
		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian		300.1
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian					425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian			Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Telychian					436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
		Aeronian			Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10						Niuchehean		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Paibian			494
		Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian	Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian					Marjumian		Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan		Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran		Wuliuan/Taijangian		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran	Waucoban †	Duyunian		509
		Stage 4					Dyeran		Duyunian		511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran		Nangaoian		514
							Montezuman				514.8 *
							Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian							Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian		530.7
														538.8