PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian										MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian										MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean										MN 15	3.6
												MN 14	4.2
												MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian										MN 12	7.246
												MN 11	7.75
												MN 10	8.7
												MN 9	9.7
												MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian										MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian										MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian										MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian										MN 4	15.98
												MN 3	16.9
												MN 2	20
		Aquitanian										MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian										MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan		150
											Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian									Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian									Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian									Warepan		208.5
											Otamitan		217
											Oretian		221
		Carnian									Oretian		227
		Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian	Etalian	238
		Anisian	Etalian	242
		Anisian	Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian	Nelsonian	249
		Induan	Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	Kathwai	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai			251.902
						252.4 *
			Chhidru			252.9 *
					Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
					Puruhauan	254.2
			Kalabagh			255 *
			Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				264.28
						265.3 *
					Barettian	266
			Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb			266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli										Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian									Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian									Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian									Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian									Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian									Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian									Jaani	433.4
		Telychian									Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian									Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian									Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian									Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian									Juuru	441.4 *
													443.8