PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous of North America	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Precambrian of Russia	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Calabrian									0.774
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Serravallian									11.63
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
				Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian				Bumbanian					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan						56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian	Melekhovian			251.902
				Changhsingian					Baoqingian				253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian			Zechstein	254.14
				Wuchiapingian					Laibinian			Zechstein	257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan			Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian					Kuhfengian				264.28
				Wordian						Noginskian			264.9 *
				Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Luodianian				273.01
				Kungurian						Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
Artinskian				Autunian	283.5
					Longlinian	285.4 *
						Rusavkinian			287.6 *
Sakmarian									290.1
Asselian					Bursumian †				Zisongian	293.52
Asselian					Bursumian †					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian							298.9
											300.1
										Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian	Missourian		Dorogomilovian						303.7
						Khamovnikian						304.8
						Khamovnikian					Cantabrian	305 *
						Krevyakinian						305.8 *
				Desmoinesian		Krevyakinian						305.9 *
			Moscovian			Myachkovian						307
						Myachkovian				Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Podolskian					Westphalian D	308.9 *
						Podolskian					Westphalian C	309.8
						Kashirian						311.4 *
				Atokan		Kashirian		312.7 *
						Vereian	313.8
						Vereian	Westphalian B	314.6
						Melekessian		314.8
			Bashkirian			Melekessian		315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
							Westphalian A	317 *
				Morrowan				318.4 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Prikamian	Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
						Severokeltmian		Yeadonian		319.9 *
						Severokeltmian		Marsdenian		320.2 *
						Krasnopolyanian		Marsdenian		321.2 *
						Krasnopolyanian		Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
						Voznesenian		Kinderscoutian		321.9 *
								Alportian		322 *
								Chokierian		323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian		Zapaltjubian		Chokierian		323.2
						Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian		324 *
						Protvian				324.4 *
						Steshevian				326.8 *
						Steshevian		Pendleian		327.4 *
						Tarusian		Pendleian		329 *
			Visean			Venevian	Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
						Mikhailovian				331.9 *
						Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Meramecian		Tulian				335.8 *
						Tulian	Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
						Bobrikian	Livian	Asbian †		339.9 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
				Osagean						343.1 *
						Radaevkian				343.4 *
			Tournaisian			Kosvian	Ivorian			346.7
	Kizelian					350.7 *
	Kinderhookian			Cherepetian		351.9 *
				Cherepetian		Hastarian	353.7 *
				Karakubian			354.4 *
				Upinian			356.3 *
				Malevkian			357.6 *
				Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
		Pragian					Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian					Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			509
	Series 2	Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
		Calymmian									1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian									1600
		Orosirian									1800
		Rhyacian									2050
		Siderian									2300
Archean	Neoarchean										2500
	Mesoarchean										2800
	Paleoarchean										3200
	Eoarchean										3600
Hadean											4000
													4600