PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Pamirs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean	Late Pliocene					2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean	Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean	Early Pliocene					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian							7.246
		Tortonian			Pannonian	Tunggurian						11.1
		Serravallian			Sarmatian		Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian				Shanwangian						13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian	Early Miocene					15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan						16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene					33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene					41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Midian	259.51
		Wordian									Midian	264.28
		Wordian									Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian									Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian									Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian									Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian				300 *
		Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian				303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun				305.8 *
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
				Huashibanian				318.5 *
				Lousuan				321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian				323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
							Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan	487.5
							Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								489.5
									Steptoean	493 *
							Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian					Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Caerfai		Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4						Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran			514
								Montezuman			514.8 *
								Montezuman	Placentian		517.1
								Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
												538.8