PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of North America		Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene			0.0117
				Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene			0.129
				Calabrian							Early Pleistocene			0.774
				Gelasian							Early Pleistocene			1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene			3.6
			Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene			5.333
				Tortonian							Late Miocene			7.246
				Serravallian							Middle Miocene			11.63
				Langhian							Middle Miocene			13.82
				Burdigalian							Early Miocene			15.98
				Aquitanian							Early Miocene			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene			33.9
				Bartonian							Middle Eocene			37.71
				Lutetian							Middle Eocene			41.2
				Ypresian							Early Eocene			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene			56
				Selandian							Middle Paleocene			59.2
				Danian							Early Paleocene			61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian										264.28
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian								Autunian		283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
				Asselian		Kuzel								297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9	Kuzel
					Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian			Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian			Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian			Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian			Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian		Ivorian		346.7
			Tournaisian		Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Late Cambrian	485.4
			Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian								Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †	Middle Cambrian	497
			Drumian						Marjumian			500.5
	Wuliuan		Topazan						504.5
	Wuliuan		Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran						Waucoban †	Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran								514
			Montezuman								514.8 *
			Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											538.8
		Cryogenian		635
		Tonian		720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		1000
		Ectasian		1200
		Calymmian		1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian		1600
		Orosirian		1800
		Rhyacian		2050
		Siderian		2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
														4600