PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of North America		Carboniferous of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Pamirs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Yushean	Late Pliocene					2.58
		Zanclean						Yushean	Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean						Baodean	Early Pliocene					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian					Pannonian							7.246
		Tortonian					Pannonian	Tunggurian						11.1
		Serravallian					Sarmatian		Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian					Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian						Shanwangian						13.82
		Burdigalian						Shanwangian	Early Miocene					15.98
		Burdigalian						Xiejiaan						16.9
		Aquitanian						Xiejiaan						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene					33.9
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian							Middle Eocene					41.2
		Ypresian							Early Eocene					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian									Midian	259.51
		Wordian		Wordian									Midian	264.28
		Wordian		Wordian									Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian		Roadian									Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian								Kubergandian	273.01
					Cathedralian								Bolorian	279.8
					Hessian									281.9 *
		Artinskian	283.5
			Yakhtashian			286
			Yakhtashian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian		Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Nealian		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian				300 *
		Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian				303.7
		Kasimovian				Dalaun				305.8 *
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
						Huashibanian				318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean				Shangsian	330.9
		Visean				Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
									Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan	487.5
									Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										489.5
											Steptoean	493 *
									Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian							Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian										Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan								Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan								Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Caerfai		Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4								Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3								Dyeran			514
										Montezuman			514.8 *
										Montezuman	Placentian		517.1
										Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
														538.8